How a Man Shall Prepare Himself for the Tournament

To please the ladies who behold the tournament and find favor in their eyes you must be skillful, valiant, hold yourself well and be properly arrayed. Skill at arms is gained by long practice and great study, and valiancy is in your heart and high resolve in service of a noble lady. I shall therefore speak of how you should array yourself, and how to follow well the customs of the lists.

Your Array

You should at least equip yourself as an honorable man-at-arms, without any great fault or lack in your harness or equipage. But the ladies will be better pleased if you bear a noble crest upon your helm and coat-armor with your arms upon your person, and besides, they will thereby be better able to remark your prowess in the field.

Your Retinue

A gentleman of coat-armor might expect to bring several followers with him to uphold his dignity, and it is gay and honorable to dress them in one livery. A gentleman might have a herald or pursuivant to serve him, and a retainer to carry his banner, and others to bear his crested helm on a length of lance-shaft, and perhaps others to bear his sword and shield before him and otherwise assist him. A great noble might have other men-at-arms to fight beside him in the field, and sounding trumpeters, and a great retinue to uphold his dignity.

For Joy and Delight

A noble of rank and wealth might make some contrivance for the pleasure of the onlookers. Some retinues have come to the tourney masked, or dressed as Tartars or Cardinals. The ancestor of the Earl of Warwick once came in disguise to a great deed of arms three times, each time bearing a different shield to perform a different noble challenge. Comers to Burgundian deeds of arms have included the Enslaved Knight, and the count of Roussy, who appeared in a castle with four towers that opened to reveal him mounted for the joust. He took the role of the prisoner of Danger and Little Hope. At a later tournament the same count entered on a mule as "the innocent", with his fool proceeding him on a donkey as his Chancellor, and two young pages as "Chief Councilors".

More recently, one of the comers to a noble deed of arms came in the guise of "The Champion of Bacchus", with a cluster of grapes as his crest and a great rout and retinue of nymphs and satyrs, and the said "Champion of Bacchus" is commonly supposed to have been the noble Duke Vissevald incognito.

Honorable Customs

It is very honorable and profitable to have a herald or pursuivant to announce you and speak your challenge for you well and properly. And it is also a noble custom for you and your retinue to cry your war cry in the lists. And all these matters will be set forth more plainly hereafter.


And to speak more plainly....

Your Array

First, examine your harness. Is it of one consistent period? Can you find a picture of a medieval Knight that looks like you do? Are there glaring anachronisms? Few harnesses conceal enough of blue jeans to hide their essential nature. Dark sweat pants, with socks in a matching color, are better and hose are better still. Two-tone Nikes don't look very medieval. All black sneakers are better, and medieval shoes or sabattons are better still.

The right covering can conceal a multitude of sins. Essentially, you have two approaches. Before 1350, the armor was less challenging, but the surcoats were usually sleeveless, so they covered less of it. When sleeves were worn, they were rarely longer than elbow length. After 1350, the armor was more sophisticated, but garments called jupons or coat-armors, often with long sleeves, sometimes covered much of it. From 1400 on uncovered plate armor became increasingly popular. The later a period you choose, the more dependent you become on a good armorer.

Crests

You won't be turned away if you don't have a crest on top of your helmet, but it's one more way to impress the demoiselles. There was an excellent article on crest construction in TI #108. I can confirm that hardened leather can be quite durable. A leather cap, molded to the shape of the top of the helmet, can be laced by through four pairs of holes to the helmet, and removed when convenient. This provides an excellent foundation for the crest.

It is difficult to mount a crest and mantling on the pointed skull of an ordinary bascinet. There is no evidence that medieval gentleman ever did so. When they wanted to adorn a bascinet, the normal approach was to mount a gilded ball (called a pomme) at the apex, with several feathers springing from the top of that.

Your Retinue

From the 14th century on, great persons often equipped their followers in livery, that is distinctive clothing, either of distinctive colors of fabric, or distinguished by badges, or both. The colors might be the same as the lord's arms, or they might not, and the colors of clothing delivered to the lords followers might vary from year to year depending on the whim of the lord, the availability of fabric, and so on.

Liveries were often parti-colored, and sometimes tri-colored. The colors were not restricted to the pure colors of heraldry. Other options included light green, tawney (orange-brown), russet (rusty red-brown) and murrey (purple-red, or mulberry color).

Liveries might consist of complete suites of clothing, sleeveless jackets, or sometimes simply hoods.

Badges might be made from metal, appliqued, or embroidered. Popular locations included upon the sleeve or hat, the middle of the chest and back, or upon what would now be the lapel, usually on the wearer's left side.

A noble that really wanted to show off at a tournament would put his retinue not simply into matching clothes, but into elaborate costumes. Besides the examples I mentioned earlier, Claude de Vauldrey came to one 15th c. Burgundian tournament with a retinue of wildmen and wildwomen. Another had costumed moors in his train.

This does present some opportunities for people with personas that aren't your standard late-middle ages West-European types. A Celt might come as "The King of Lyonesse" with a retinue in fringed cloaks, carrying Irish javelins. A Berber from the Maghreb might be followed by turbaned moors with nakers and kettledrums. (A real 15th century Burgundian doing this would of course try to find an elephant or pair of camels to add to the procession.)

The ideal thing would be to really push it over the edge, so that instead of just being a Scadian with knotwork on your shield, you look like a Burgundian that decided it would be cool to outfit his entire following in Arthurian fancy dress.

The greater nobles would often bring several men-at-arms as part of their following, to fight beside them in the tourney.

Your Banner

The typical heraldic banner of the 14th and 15th century was rectangular, and taller than it was wide. 25" by 38" seems to be consistent with what is shown in King Rene's tournament book.

Don't assume that your choices are embroidery or nothing. Medieval banners were often painted.

These banners were not the gonfannons so often seen in the Society (that is, a banner hanging from a horizontal crossbar attached to a central pole), but like modern flags, except for their proportion.

It is difficult to be certain if these banners sometimes had a horizontal support at the top. Often they drape in a way that would be impossible with such a horizontal support. Sometimes they are shown standing so stiffly that you might assume that a horizontal support would be essential. Yet this could simply be an artistic convention, to better show the Heraldry.

If you want a crossbar, here one way to have one. Drill a hole through your pole perpendicular to its length, as close to the end as you can and just large enough to accept a dowel by press fit. Make your banner with a casing for the pole, and a narrower casing for the dowel. Leave the dowel casing open at both ends, , and make the dowel casing open into the pole casing. You can now use your banner with or without the support dowel. Or, with a longer dowel, you can hang the banner flat against the wall without the pole.

Carrying Your Helmet

The ideal way to carry your helmet is on a short pole. This is convenient, elevates your crest so people can see it better, and keeps oil off your hands and sweat off the helmet. King Rene recommends a length of lance-shaft as long as your arm.

Lengths of broken lance shaft must have filled the same ecological niche then that pieces of broken rattan too short to turn into a decent sword do today. After a day's jousting they must have been knee deep in the stuff.

Your Herald

To uphold your dignity properly, to make your challenges and announce your entry, a personal herald is a fine thing. A personal herald should wear a tabard or coat-armor with your device on it. There are many who would covet such a position as an escape from interminably droning:
Your-honor-to-the-crown-of-the-East-and-to-your-lady-if-she-be-present...

Even more would take the job if you paid them.

Seriously, field heralds live for this kind of stuff , and the right one can be a great help with your challenges. Besides, it's so hard to be heard from inside your helmet.

Your Cry

Proper 14th and 15th century had a war cry or motto that they and their retinue could shout in battle or during a tournament. Their fans could shout it from the sidelines too (Seriously. It's all in King Rene's book)

A cry could be based on a name ("a Chandos! a Chandos!"), a place ("Guienne!") a patron saint ("Notre Dame!") or a combination of these elements ("Montjoie et St. Denis!). We will assume that if your cry contains the name of a saint you are not calling on supernatural aid to assure victory (which the Society frowns on) but asking the saint's aid to fight fairly and honorably (and who could object to that?)

Copyright Will McLean, 1996, 1997


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